xform/unique.js

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Thomas Otterson
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/**
 * Transducers for rejecting repeated elements in a collection.
 *
 * @module unique
 * @private
 */

const { protocols } = require('../modules/protocol');
const { sequence } = require('../modules/transformation');
const { isFunction } = require('../modules/util');
const { sameValueZero } = require('./core');
const p = protocols;

/**
 * A transducer function that is returned by the `{@link module:xduce.transducers.unique|unique}`,
 * `{@link module:xduce.transducers.uniqueBy|uniqueBy}`, and
 * `{@link module:xduce.transducers.uniqueWith|uniqueWith}` transducers.
 *
 * @private
 *
 * @param {function} fn The two-argument comparator function that defines when two values are equal.
 * @param {module:xduce~transducerObject} xform The transducer object that the new one should be chained to.
 * @return {module:xduce~transducerObject} A new transducer object chained to the provided transducer object.
 */
function uniqueTransducer(fn, xform) {
  const uniques = [];

  return {
    [p.init]() {
      return xform[p.init]();
    },

    [p.step](acc, input) {
      if (uniques.some(u => fn(input, u))) {
        return acc;
      }
      uniques.push(input);
      return xform[p.step](acc, input);
    },

    [p.result](value) {
      return xform[p.result](value);
    }
  };
}

/**
 * **Removes all duplicates from a collection, using a comparator function to determine what's unique.**
 *
 * Comparisons are made by passing each pair of elements to the function, which must take two parameters and return a
 * boolean indicating whether or not the values are equal. As an example, the
 * `{@link module:xduce.transducers.unique|unique}` transducer could be regarded as the same as this transducer, with a
 * {@link http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero|SameValueZero} function serving as the
 * comparator.
 *
 * If no collection is provided, a function is returned that can be passed to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 * et al.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * ```
 * // magnitude returns the number of digits in a number
 * function magnitude(x) {
 *   return Math.floor(Math.log(x) / Math.LN10 + 0.000000001);
 * }
 * function comparator(a, b) {
 *   return magnitude(a) === magnitude(b);
 * }
 *
 * // Returns only the first value of each magnitude
 * const result = uniqueWith([1, 10, 100, 42, 56, 893, 1111, 1000], comparator);
 * // result = [1, 10, 100, 1111]
 * ```
 *
 * @memberof module:xduce.transducers
 *
 * @param {*} [collection] An optional input collection that is to be transduced.
 * @param {function} fn A comparator function. This takes two arguments and returns `true` if they're to be regarded as
 *     equal.
 * @param {object} [ctx] An optional context object which is set to `this` for the function `fn`. This does not work if
 *     `fn` is an arrow function, as they cannot be bound to contexts.
 * @return {(*|module:xduce~transducerFunction)} If a collection is supplied, then the function returns a new
 *     collection of the same type with all of the elements of the input collection transformed. If no collection is
 *     supplied, a transducer function, suitable for passing to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 *     `{@link module:xduce.into|into}`, etc. is returned.
 */
function uniqueWith(collection, fn, ctx) {
  const [col, func] = isFunction(collection) ? [null, collection.bind(fn)] : [collection, fn.bind(ctx)];
  return col ? sequence(col, uniqueWith(func)) : xform => uniqueTransducer(func, xform);
}

/**
 * **Applies a function each element of a collection and removes elements that create duplicate return values.**
 *
 * Once the function is applied to the collection elements, a comparison is made using
 * {@link http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero|SameValueZero}. If a comparison indicates that
 * the return value from the function for one element is the same as the return value for another element, only the
 * first element is retained in the output collection.
 *
 * Also note that even though the function can cause a completely different value to be compared, the *element* (not
 * the return value of the function) is what is added to the output collection.
 *
 * A very common use for `uniqueBy` is to refer to a particular property in an array of objects. Another is to do a
 * case-insensitive comparison by passing a function that turns every letter in a string to the same case. However, it
 * can be used in any number of different ways, depending on the function used.
 *
 * If no collection is provided, a function is returned that can be passed to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 * et al.
 *
 * ```
 * var array = [{x: 1}, {x: 1}, {x: 2}, {x: 3}, {x: 3}, {x: 3},
 *              {x: 4}, {x: 5}, {x: 3}, {x: 1}, {x: 5}];
 *
 * var result = uniqueBy(array, obj => obj.x);
 * // result = [{x: 1}, {x: 2}, {x: 3}, {x: 4}, {x: 5}]
 *
 * // Comparison is case-insensitive, the duplicate letter retained is the first one that appears
 * // This is why 'N' is present in the output, not 'n', for example
 * result = uniqueBy('aNtidiseSTablIshmENtaRianiSM', x => x.toLowerCase());
 * // result = 'aNtidseblhmR'
 * ```
 *
 * @memberof module:xduce.transducers
 *
 * @param {*} [collection] An optional input collection that is to be transduced.
 * @param {function} fn A function of one parameter applied to each element in the input collection before testing the
 *     results for uniqueness.
 * @param {object} [ctx] An optional context object which is set to `this` for the function `fn`. This does not work if
 *     `fn` is an arrow function, as they cannot be bound to contexts.
 * @return {(*|module:xduce~transducerFunction)} If a collection is supplied, then the function returns a new
 *     collection of the same type with all of the elements of the input collection transformed. If no collection is
 *     supplied, a transducer function, suitable for passing to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 *     `{@link module:xduce.into|into}`, etc. is returned.
 */
function uniqueBy(collection, fn, ctx) {
  const [col, func] = isFunction(collection) ? [null, collection.bind(fn)] : [collection, fn.bind(ctx)];
  return uniqueWith(col, (a, b) => sameValueZero(func(a), func(b)));
}

/**
 * **Removes all duplicates from a collection.**
 *
 * Once an element is added to the output collection, an equal element will never be added to the output collection
 * again. 'Equal' according to this transformer is a
 * {@link http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/#sec-samevaluezero|SameValueZero} comparison.
 *
 * If no collection is provided, a function is returned that can be passed to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 * et al.
 *
 * ```
 * var result = unique([1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 3, 1, 5]);
 * // result = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
 * ```
 *
 * @memberof module:xduce.transducers
 *
 * @param {*} [collection] An optional input collection that is to be transduced.
 * @return {(*|module:xduce~transducerFunction)} If a collection is supplied, then the function returns a new
 *     collection of the same type with all of the elements of the input collection transformed. If no collection is
 *     supplied, a transducer function, suitable for passing to `{@link module:xduce.sequence|sequence}`,
 *     `{@link module:xduce.into|into}`, etc. is returned.
 */
function unique(collection) {
  return uniqueWith(collection, sameValueZero);
}

module.exports = {
  unique,
  uniqueBy,
  uniqueWith
};